which of the following best explains diffusion? which of the following best explains diffusion?

"Permeable" means that anything can cross a barrier. The tonicity of the IV fluid doesn't matterthe patient won't be in the operating room that long so any tonicity would be OK for a couple of hours. This type of transport is known as _____. Direct link to William H's post If for example there are , Posted 5 years ago. Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? Since diffusion moves materials from an area of higher concentration to the lower, it is described as moving solutes "down the concentration gradient". Which of the following explains why multiple early hearths of domestication and diffusion of plants and animals arose across the world in Central America, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus River valley, and Southeast Asia? The membrane potential of a typical cell is -40 to -80 millivolts, with the minus sign meaning that inside of the cell is more negative than the outside, As an example of how the membrane potential can affect ion movement, lets look at sodium and potassium ions. Direct link to tyersome's post Great question since pr, Posted 7 years ago. For example, while oxygen gas will diffuse slightly more quickly than carbon dioxide, both of them will move more quickly than iodine gas. For instance, when water is mixed with glycerol, over time the two liquids diffuse radially into each other. A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: The Na+/K+ pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved into the cell. Nuclear pores connect the cytoplasm with the nucleoplasm and allow substances to move between the two areas. to send you a reset link. Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. How, exactly, does the sodium-potassium pump establish a voltage across the membrane? What is required for filtration to occur? A. movement of molecules farther away from equilibrium B. exchange of nonpolar molecules for polar molecules C. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration D. movement of molecules from where there are fewer of them to where there are more Feedlots can minimize costs associated with livestock production because feedlots do not use as much space as cattle ranching. An electrical potential difference exists whenever there is a net separation of charges in space. For instance, in the example about the diffusion of iodine gas, if the crucible is placed in another closed container and iodine crystals are heated for an extended period of time, the rate at which the purple gas seems to disappear at the mouth of the crucible will reduce. In its inward-facing shape, the pump loses its interest in (has a low affinity for) potassium ions, so the two potassium ions will be released into the cytoplasm. Which of the following best explains this change? Based on this information and your understanding of osmosis and tonicity, what type of IV fluid is the doctor likely administering to try to save the life of the student suffering from water intoxication? Through the process of uniculturalism, multiple types of foods are blended together into one cuisine. If for example there are alot of sodium ions outside, their positive charges will repel and like atoms don't like being near eachother so they flow to the other side if there's a way to. The reaction proceeds as the two reactants diffuse towards each other and undergo a chemical reaction to form esters. What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell? Question 16 30 seconds Q. This occurs because there is a net movement of sugar molecules into the water medium. Direct link to Yago's post Why can't the Sodium move, Posted 4 years ago. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell. Which of the following is used to export large molecules from the cell? These channels are . A. One phosphate group from ATP is attached to the pump, which is then said to be phosphorylated. The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water. The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. Do you think the temperature of the food coloring might have an effect on how it diffuses? A. All cells have a barrier around them that separates them from the environment and from other cells. Direct link to Sam's post 1) The "sodium/glucose sy, Posted 7 years ago. However, the same phenomenon is not seen when immiscible liquids like petrol and water are mixed together. For instance, a gas diffuses very quickly in another gas. In this form, the pump really likes to bind (has a high affinity for) sodium ions, and will take up three of them. Main difference: In facilitated diffusion, the solute moves down the concentration gradient, from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. If the ECF is more concentrated than the cytosol, then the ECF is: A primary active transport process is one in which __________. At any given temperature, the diffusion of a smaller particle will be more rapid than that of a larger-sized molecule. You now add the two solutions to a beaker that has been divided by a semipermeable membrane, with pores that are too small for the sugar molecules to pass through, but are big enough for the water molecules to pass through. Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town. Electrochemical gradients and the membrane potential. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. The reaction proceeds towards completion at a faster rate. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. Similarly, if a canister of liquid nitrogen leaks a little, nitrogen gas that escapes would quickly diffuse into the atmosphere. All the ways scientists do investigations. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? Secondary active transport involves the movement of water by osmosis into a cell. What values of a and b would complete each of the following (X and Y are not meant to be any particular elements): 266X+baY15aX+32b\begin{aligned} 266 \mathrm{X} & \rightarrow \alpha+\mathrm{b}^{\mathrm{a}} \mathrm{Y} \\ Solution A and solution B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown? The high energy hot water model diffusion is important because its how we get oxygen to all the cells in our bodies. A not very well-studied A&P student heard about a phenomenon called water intoxication and thought it sounded fun so she decided to try it. The cotransporter accomplishes this by physically coupling the transport of glucose to the movement of sodium ions down their concentration gradient. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater c, Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources. A heavier molecule with a larger surface area will diffuse slowly, while smaller, lighter particles will diffuse more quickly. in a symporter it makes sense that the flow of one ion should cause other molecules to go along with it, however in an antiporter, what causes the other molecule to move up its conc. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient. Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop. If a route such as a channel or carrier protein is open, sodium ions will move down their concentration gradient and return to the interior of the cell. His feet and legs were swollen with fluid. Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals. Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores. The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until . During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. http://physrev.physiology.org/content/91/2/733, https://phys.org/news/2013-10-mechanism-sodium-potassium-revealed.html. Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. Sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture requiring large pastures, whereas poultry production is an example of intensive agriculture often practiced indoors. gradient? Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? The material that diffuses could be a solid, liquid or gas. Direct link to auzennesylvester92's post Are these pumps negativel, Posted 5 years ago. Diffusion is affected by temperature, area of interaction, steepness of the concentration gradient and particle size. This apparent slowing down is due to the fact that, over time, the larger container begins to have enough iodine gas that some of it will be moving backwards towards the crucible. Microtubules are composed of protein subunits known as: Through the microscope, you see cells swimming. Which cell junctions prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells? Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. When the roommate told the Emergency Department doctor what had happened, the doctor quickly began administering IV (intravenous) fluids. i dont quite understand the secondary active transport. Because of the difference in sodium concentration (between the inside and outside of the cell) and due to the electrical potential difference (between the inside and outside of the cell), the SGLT is able to perform its function. The image shows the movement of an insoluble molecule from the extracellular space towards the cytoplasm. Which of the following best explains the differences between the patterns of land use in the township-and-range system and the long-lot system, as shown in the images? For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible. Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat farming in the United States and China. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. This process does not require energy. The rate of diffusion depends on the nature of interaction between the medium and material. A power cycle operating at steady state receives energy by heat transfer at a rate QHatTH=1800K\dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}} \text { at } T_{\mathrm{H}}=1800 \mathrm{K}QHatTH=1800K and rejects energy by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at a rate QC\dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}QC at TC=600K.T_{\mathrm{C}}=600 \mathrm{K}.TC=600K. What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. Glucose is the most commonly used energy source by human cells because (Points: 1) this is the most abundant macromolecule available for cellular respiration. The SER synthesizes the majority of the lipid components of the plasma membrane. 1) The "sodium/glucose symporter", known as SGLT (sodium glucose linked transporter), receives the energy needed to perform its transport from the electrochemical gradient established by the sodium/potassium pump. Simple diffusion and osmosis do not involve transport proteins. Sucrose cannot pass through a red blood cell's plasma membrane, but water and urea can. By the time blood flows into capillaries in the muscle or liver, for instance, there is only a single layer of cells separating this oxygen from hepatocytes or skeletal muscle fibers. C. The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell. Facilitated diffusion is powered entirely by GTP hydrolysis B. This statement describes _____. The molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal . This means that the dry ice (or even regular ice) will evaporate faster on a warmer day, simply because each molecule is moving with greater energy and is more likely to quickly escape the confines of a solid state. Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? A. Increase C. Decrease D. It would depend on the nature and temperature of the coolant, 3. In its outward-facing form, the pump switches allegiances and now really likes to bind to (has a high affinity for) potassium ions. Solutions of equal solute concentration are isotonic. If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. This type of transport is known as _____. It is simply the statistical outcome of random motion. The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. What type of cellular extension have you observed? Diffusion happens slowly and only across the small surface of interaction between the two fluids. does the glucose molecule just randomly attach itself to the protein when it's about to transport a sodium ion to the other side? To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. Once again, as the concentration of this gas increases within the cell, it diffuses outwards towards capillaries where the force of flowing blood removes the excess gas from the tissue region. Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions. Divide the following terms into component parts and give the meanings of the complete terms. The image is a simple representation of the diffusion of one particle in another medium. As a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm. Facilitated diffusion is necessary for the biochemical processes of every cell since there is communication between various subcellular organelles. Which of these statements is NOT true? Never needs the presence of any other molecule C. Diffusion of every molecule is dependent on its concentration gradient and independent of the concentration of other molecular species in the medium D. All of the above, 2. Diffusion helps in the movement of substances in and out of the cells. How To Prolong Ejaculation During Intercourse? The images show devices developed during the Second Agricultural Revolution. The protein can be toggled back and forth between these forms by the addition or removal of a phosphate group, which is in turn controlled by the binding of the ions to be transported. A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern. This creates a concentration gradient, with concentration of carbon dioxide gradually decreasing with distance from the lump of dry ice. Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate. Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. So the phospholipids are arranged in a double layer (a bilayer) to keep the cell separate from its environment. As time progresses, the differential gradient of concentrations between high and low will drop (become increasingly . Requested URL: byjus.com/biology/diffusion/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36 Edg/103.0.1264.62. synthesize ATP, Which of the following organelles synthesizes proteins? Which of the following explains how global demand for palm oil has proved beneficial and detrimental f. Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries. Here, the cell can't import glucose for free using diffusion, because the natural tendency of the glucose will be to diffuse. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? The material that diffuses could be a solid, liquid or gas. What four steps should you take to reduce your risk for foodborne illnesses? Why Do Giant Pandas Have Low Libido? osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion are all what type of process? The inside of all cells also contain a jelly-like substance called cytosol. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post yes, dimensions also play. One and a Half Century of Diffusion: Fick, Einstein, before and beyond. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. how does the antiporter provide energy for molecules to go in the "opposite" direction? tonicity: the amount of solute in a solution. If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear. Diffusion will continue until the concentration gradient has been eliminated. (a) Osmosis UEE Main-2020 (Septeimbern) (c) Diffusion (b) Reverse osmosis (d) Dialysis 26. Water is attracted to the compartment with a lower osmotic pressure. & y_1^{\prime}=3 y_2 \\ Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image? Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries? In fact, cells spend much of the energy they harvest in metabolism to keep their active transport processes running. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. It will bind two of them, and this triggers removal of the phosphate group attached to the pump in step 2. For example, how might this play into why coffee and tea always start with hot water? In secondary active transport, the movement of the sodium ions down their gradient is coupled to the uphill transport of other substances by a shared carrier protein (a. Diffusion in the human body is necessary for the absorption of digested nutrients, gas exchange, the propagation of nerve impulses, the movement of hormones and other metabolites towards their target organ and for nearly every event in embryonic development. (1967). Even though this is random non-directed movement, with a large bulk, it can create a scenario where there is no net movement of gas from the container. On the other extreme, a red blood cell that is hypotonic (lower concentration outside the cell) will result in more water flowing into the cell than out. Because a solute moving down its concentration gradient is spontaneous. Diffusion is the movement when molecules move from higher concentrated area to lower concentrated area. a.QH=500kW,QC=100kWb.QH=500kW,Wcycle=250kW,QC=200kWc.Wcycle=350kW,QC=150kWd.QH=500kW,QC=200kW, Find a real general solution of the following systems. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they Mr. Weddington was admitted to the hospital with chronic heart failure. The cell membrane allows the cell to stay structurally intact in its water-based environment. While this charge ratio does make the cells interior slightly more negative, it actually accounts for only a, Instead, the sodium-potassium pump acts primarily by building up a high concentration of potassium ions inside the cell, which makes potassiums concentration gradient very steep. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Simple diffusion is relevant in chemical reactions, in many physical phenomena, and can even influence global weather patterns and geological events. In any system, molecules are moving with a certain amount of kinetic energy. Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient. C. Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid. Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. Irrigation increases the salt content of the soil, which disrupts the growth of crops and degrades soil fertility. Process of Osmosis vs. Diffusion . molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its populations need for food. 266X15aX+baY+32b. Here, well look in more detail at gradients of molecules that exist across cell membranes, how they can help or hinder transport, and how active transport mechanisms allow molecules to move against their gradients. A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. Why does the diffusion of the solute down its concentration gradient release energy? Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. The IV fluid should be isotonic to the patient's blood. By osmosis: water will move from solution A to solution B. Based on the map above, explain the degree to which lettuce production takes place in the United States. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum You would need to create a new account. Which of the following explains the diffusion and successful cultivation of many plants and animals in new regions of the world through the Columbian Exchange? She consumed a large amount of water in a short time (Don't try thiswater intoxication is often fatal.). this monosaccharide yields the most energy of all macromolecules. In an antiporter it uses the energy of the ions flowing down their concentration gradient. Direct link to priciaauy's post why wouldnt cells use atp, Posted 4 years ago. Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? All the examples given above were instances of simple diffusion. The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances against their own gradients. Because of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid, the molecule must be arranged in a specific pattern as only certain parts of the molecule can physically be in contact with water. Which of the following is not a passive process? (Show the details. In class, do you typically sit evenly spaced or all scrunched together? What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components? Spaeth, E. E., and Friedlander, S.K. Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? C. The IV fluid should be hypertonic to the patient's blood. answer choices The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. Based on the different types of land use shown in the image, which of the following best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape shown? Legal. In most biological systems, diffusion occurs across a semi-permeable membrane made of a lipid bilayer. Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America? In simple diffusion, this process proceeds without the aid of a transport protein. This results in swelling of the cell and potential hemolysis (bursting) of the cell. The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium out of and potassium into the cell in a repeating cycle of conformational (shape) changes. Predict behavior of blood cells in different solution types. Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields. No, because the potassium is highly concentrated in the cell, and so that's where the molecules must go(based on active transport going low concentration to high concentration). At this balance point, the inside of the membrane is negative relative to the outside. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown? If the alveoli in our lungs fill with fluid (pulmonary edema), the distance the gases must travel increases, and their transport decreases. The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell. Everything in the cell sits in the cytosol, like fruit in a Jell-o mold. The plasma membrane (see figure below) is made of a double layer of special lipids, known as phospholipids. It is the random motion of the molecules that causes them to move from an area of high concentration to an area with a lower concentration. answer choices Through the process of ethnocentrism, American culture has spread throughout the world. Direct link to Zaeen Iqbal's post i dont quite understand t, Posted 7 years ago. The electrochemical gradients set up by primary active transport store energy, which can be released as the ions move back down their gradients. In the context of the Second Agricultural Revolution, which of the following trends is represented in these images? how does the carrier protein "harness" energy from another molecules concentration gradient? This can even be observed visually by the addition of different colored dyes to each of the liquids. if there are more Potassium ions in a cell, how is the cell negatively charged? Which of the following best explains why tea plantations are common in Sri Lanka and tea exports are important to the country's economy? Direct link to Yuya Fujikawa's post Hi, I'm just a little cur, Posted 5 years ago. What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? Explain why and how passive transport occurs; Understand the processes of osmosis and diffusion; Define tonicity and describe its relevance to passive transport; Plasma membranes must allow certain substances to enter and leave a cell, while preventing harmful material from entering and essential material from leaving. change name on car title michigan, police dispatcher trainee,