helicopter frames consist of the fuselage

>> http://www.zotero.org/styles/american-political-science-association /TT1 289 0 R /P 109 0 R 250 0 obj American Political Science Association >> /S /Normal It's also one of the most complex in terms of its construction and operation. /K 157 /Pg 35 0 R endobj >> /S /Normal /Rotate 0 endobj >> endobj << endobj >> /Pg 35 0 R >> Popular Products of Ring lock Helicopters / Aircraft Docking Systems Scaffolding with Horizontal Stabilizer by Aircraft Scaffolding - Beijing Kangde General Equipment Co.,Ltd. /Pg 33 0 R /Sh7 355 0 R /Sh0 315 0 R /P 17 0 R /K 114 /S /Artifact endobj /P 541 0 R From Wikipedia." airplane model kit at the price of 83.99 GBP with 1001hobbies, the AModel specialist. >> 138 0 obj endobj /S /P >> >> /Lang (EN-GB) /S /Normal /CS0 [/ICCBased 287 0 R] /S /Tabelle_content In a pressurized aircraft the skin works with the frames to oppose the internal pressure load. /A 403 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) << /P 17 0 R fiber), or carbon fiber. /CS1 [/ICCBased 306 0 R] /A 492 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /CS0 [/ICCBased 287 0 R] /Type /Page Tail drive shaft endobj 1 [53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R] /P 606 0 R /A 616 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /S /Subscript >> << /Lang (EN-GB) /CS0 [/ICCBased 287 0 R] /S /P /ColorSpace << >> /Parent 16 0 R /A 500 0 R >> << /Pg 33 0 R << /Endnote /Note /P 429 0 R /GS1 308 0 R /StructParents 11 /Count 6 Foot pedals A pair of foot pedals controls the tail rotor. Rotor brake system endobj >> /A 551 0 R /K [0 271 0 R] Two critical conditions are considered; horizontal crash landing and 6 g maneuver. >> endobj /P 68 0 R The airframe, or fundamental structure, of a helicopter can be made of either metal or wood composite materials, or some combination of the two. /Rotate 0 endobj /S /Normal << endobj /K 18 endobj << >> /Parent 4 0 R 45 0 obj >> endobj /K 3 184 0 obj null 110 0 R 270 0 R null 111 0 R] hb```"QfE``CKWrL`fk`e`gvZ8^"wk%rL 24:$n30V@`9>@^iOAmwX1z2u) 8 ~* 5 0 obj /A 589 0 R /P 534 0 R 2. /K 69 24 0 obj /Pg 35 0 R /Font << The fuselage structure must be sufficiently strong to ensure safe operation throughout the flight envelope. /TT2 303 0 R /P 17 0 R 65 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R endobj /S /Tabelle_content /Pg 33 0 R >> /K 163 << 93 0 obj http://www.zotero.org/styles/american-medical-association << 133 0 obj Most have the pilot seated on the right side, although there are some with the pilot seated on the left side or center. /A 645 0 R << /S /Normal /GS0 307 0 R >> /Resources << /Pg 35 0 R 155 0 obj endobj >> endobj /Lang (EN-GB) << << The horizontal and vertical tails are rigidly attached to the fuselage as indicated. /ColorSpace << /Lang (EN-GB) /A 479 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) Aluminium has many advantages over steel. /Pg 30 0 R /Fm4 299 0 R /Lang (EN-US) /K 36 /S /Span endobj >> /K 156 >> /K 7 /Pg 35 0 R /ExtGState << /Encoding 8 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 26 /S /Title 52 0 obj <> endobj >> /Lang (EN-GB) /GS0 307 0 R /P 574 0 R /K 4 /Pg 30 0 R /Parent 15 0 R << >> /Lang (EN-GB) Air is vented out of two long slots on the right side of the tail boom, entraining main rotor wash to hug the right side of the tail boom, in turn causing laminar flow and a low pressure (Coanda Effect). /Resources << /Fm1 296 0 R /A 486 0 R /A 555 0 R The loading consists of Internal pressure applied by the fuel. /K 2 /A 448 0 R /K 19 The skins carry load through shear and transmit this shear into the stiffeners. /Count 6 Rotary wing aircraft which obtains lift and thrust from mechanically driven airfoils. Torque, another problem associated with the physics of a rotating wing, causes the helicopter fuselage (cabin) to rotate in the opposite direction from the rotor, especially when the helicopter is moving at low speeds or hovering. /K 146 /Font << endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 24 0 R /Sh17 347 0 R /Lang (EN-US) << /Pg 35 0 R /Contents 375 0 R 72 0 obj /Pg 25 0 R /P 617 0 R /S /Normal endobj /Mendeley#20Recent#20Style#20Name#207_1 (Modern Humanities Research Association 3rd edition $note with bibliography$) For design and analysis, engineers group parts which have the same function into systems. /A 509 0 R 3 0 obj /S /Span /Helv 9 0 R 225 0 obj Accessories, -extracts & converts thermal or heat energy into mechanical energy to drive main transmission gearbox /Lang (EN-GB) /S /Normal 21 0 obj endobj /P 657 0 R As such, they can absorb vibration that would normally be transferred by steel bearings. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /K 13 /TT2 314 0 R /A 461 0 R Various dampers and stops can be found on different designs to reduce shock and limit travel in certain directions. endobj << endobj >> <> /Pg 35 0 R endobj endobj >> /S /Tabelle_content /P 543 0 R /Pg 35 0 R << >> /GS0 288 0 R Maybe I wasn't clear. /P 664 0 R /Strikeout /Span /K [1 265 0 R] /Pg 35 0 R /Fm4 299 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /Pg 35 0 R >> /Fm2 297 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) endobj Thankfully, Igor Sikorsky had the idea to install a tail rotor to counter this torque reaction and provide directional control. << >> /Mendeley#20Recent#20Style#20Name#203_1 (American Sociological Association) What happens when the cyclic control stick is moved forward? %%EOF /Lang (EN-GB) /ExtGState << /GS1 308 0 R /Type /Font /A 388 0 R << Fuselage The main body of the helicopter is known as the fuselage. << /Lang (EN-GB) /K 3 130 0 obj -mechanically connected to the main transmission gearbox through a main driveshaft, Transmits torque from the power turbine to the main gearbox and is dynamically balanced, Main transmission gearbox /P 432 0 R >> /A 679 0 R Often designs using flextures incorporate elastomeric bearings. /S /Normal >> 0. The fuselage does more than just house the occupants of the aircraft; it must be sized and designed to ensure that the wings and tail are positioned in such a way so as to keep the aircraft statically stable through the designed center of gravity envelope. /P 73 0 R /D [24 0 R /XYZ 104 737 0.0] << 258 0 obj This video from British Airways shows the joining process: Fuselage Section Joining Process which you can see is not welded, but riveted together. /P 577 0 R endobj >> 203 0 obj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /ColorSpace << /K 2 14 132 0 R 16 133 0 R 18 134 0 R 20] 235 0 obj /Pg 41 0 R >> endstream endobj startxref 17 0 obj << 216 0 obj Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (author-date) >> >> /Im0 359 0 R 234 0 obj /Fm0 295 0 R >> /Resources << /CS1 [/ICCBased 306 0 R] /Keywords (NAFEMS World Congress 2017) << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /K 25 Modern Language Association 7th edition /P 415 0 R >> <> /Lang (EN-GB) >> The fuselage, the outer core of the airframe, is an aircraft's main body section that houses the cabin which holds the crew, passengers, and cargo. The fuselage will see a combination of loads from multiple sources during a typical flight. << Fuselage The main body of the helicopter is known as the fuselage. /P 17 0 R << If you missed part one, then perhaps go back and read this before continuing as this provides an overview on structural loading and design. endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 35 0 R /A 670 0 R endobj << 272 0 obj /Type /Page /P 621 0 R << /Encoding << This causes greater lift to be developed on the advancing blade, causing it to rise up or flap. 74 0 obj /S /Normal /Lang (EN-GB) >> >> /Fm0 295 0 R Thicker skins are advantageous as these are less likely to buckle under load, resulting in a more efficient structure. /K 28 /P 666 0 R << /S /Tabelle_content /Prev 23 0 R 1. iis express not working with ip address. >> /Pg 36 0 R Ordinarily, helicopters have between two and seven main rotor blades. /S /Artifact << 190 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /P 559 0 R endobj << /A 531 0 R /Sh12 342 0 R 26 0 obj endobj endobj /Count 20 << 17 [88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 264 0 R endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /S /Tabelle_content /S /Subscript >> /ParentTreeNextKey 20 /CreationDate (D:20170508211016+01'00') Introduction The design of a new rotorcraft is generally considered as a highly challenging task. /Resources << Free shipping for many products! /Pg 35 0 R endobj /Im1 374 0 R << /A 450 0 R << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /Lang (EN-GB) 124 0 obj A typical helicopter fuselage structure shown in Fig 1 consists of several key components: (a) Subfloor box, (b) Energy absorbing beam, (c) Box beam frame members, (d) Longitudinal beam, and (e) Outer fuselage skin. 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 121 0 R] endobj /S /Tabelle_content helicopter frames consist of the fuselage. << <> /TT1 310 0 R >> /TT0 290 0 R >> /Pg 35 0 R The structural system, or frame, is similar to the fuselage of an airplane. /TT4 314 0 R >> 76 0 obj /K 2 /Pg 35 0 R >> << /A 466 0 R /P 17 0 R /P 499 0 R >> /XObject << /TT2 329 0 R %PDF-1.6 % /Tabs /S /Pg 36 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /florin /fraction /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /minus /perthousand /quotedblbase /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft 69 0 obj /S /Normal In a semi-monocoque structure both the outer skin and the internal substructure are load bearing, and both contribute to the overall stiffness of the structure. /P 644 0 R Instead, an engine-driven adjustable fan is located inside the tail boom. /Pg 24 0 R /K 141 /TT1 289 0 R /Rotate 0 << >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /Type /Pages << >> D:20170502160949 /Lang (EN-GB) 107 0 obj /S /Normal << If you enjoyed this post or found it useful as a study aid, then please introduce your colleagues and friends to AeroToolbox.com and share this on your favourite social media platform. /K [9 266 0 R] /TT3 313 0 R True /TT2 313 0 R endobj 265 0 obj 126 0 obj Top customer satisfaction 4,2/5. 123 0 obj /Differences [24 /breve /caron /circumflex /dotaccent /hungarumlaut /ogonek /ring /tilde 39 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] Aluminum wasn't widely used in aeronautical applications until the early 1920s, but its appearance helped engineers make their helicopters lighter and, as a result, easier to fly. /K 17 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /Normal /Title (1. /Pg 43 0 R In this post well be focusing on the fuselage; specifically, we discuss the design of a typical semi-monocoque structure, and the various structural components and loadings that contribute to the final design. /Lang (EN-US) /S /Artifact /Pg 35 0 R /Pg 36 0 R endobj >> 194 0 obj /S /Heading#201 endobj /A 643 0 R /P 112 0 R /S /Artifact endobj /Pg 35 0 R /P 47 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R << In front and center of the pilot's and co-pilot's seats (interconnected). /Parent 5 0 R >> /P 17 0 R 56 0 obj << /Fm3 298 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 10 /K [5 120 0 R] /P 622 0 R 28 0 obj 111 0 obj /A 481 0 R /TT3 313 0 R Thin sheets of the material can be stacked in various ways to meet specific strength or . /K 9 /Pg 30 0 R /Type /Page 189 0 obj Stringers are attached to join with the fixture. 1 0 obj /Type /Page /P 594 0 R /P 585 0 R << 106 0 obj << /Lang (EN-GB) /Type /StructTreeRoot The aircraft is made up of an airframe, specifically fuselage, booms, nacelles, cowlings, fairings, airfoil surfaces, and landing gear. endobj /A 638 0 R /Pg 35 0 R The wings and tail section are attached to the fuselage, and depending on the design of the aircraft, may include engine attachments too. 273 0 obj It is of all-metal semimonocoque construction, consist of an aluminum and titanium skin over a reinforced aluminum frame. /K 130 /P 17 0 R << >> /Lang (EN-GB) The attachment bracket, also known as a wing box, consists of a lug and a portion of spar connected with several bolts. /P 96 0 R /A 443 0 R /Pg 35 0 R /A 529 0 R /P 17 0 R << /Next 23 0 R Enthusiats at your service : at 1001hobbies, we share yo /StructParents 17 endobj /TT0 310 0 R >> << endobj 176 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /K 82 /S /Tabelle_content /Pg 35 0 R endobj /A 513 0 R endobj >> /A 398 0 R 95 0 obj /P 633 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /A 476 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /Lang (EN-GB) /K 115 /S /Span 98 0 obj >> /P 106 0 R << /K 24 /S /Heading#201 /AcroForm 2 0 R >> /Parent 5 0 R /ColorSpace << /XObject << >> >> endobj >> /S /Subscript /P 588 0 R /TT1 312 0 R -rotary rudder counteracts torque developed by the rotor head. << /S /Tabelle_content The frames and stringers are spaced in such a way to ensure that the resulting bays that are created support the skins against buckling. -on helicopters using 2 engines, the main trans. /A 441 0 R /Pg 35 0 R /Fm0 295 0 R 102 0 obj endobj /Tabs /S << /XObject << << >> >> /C2_0 332 0 R 148 0 R null 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R null 154 0 R null /S /P /S /Author /S /Normal /K 40 /ColorSpace << Their primary aim is to transmit the axial loads (tension and compression) that arise from the tendency of the fuselage to bend under loading. 263 0 obj >> >> /Fm3 298 0 R /Contents 372 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) 75 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /K 5 40 0 obj 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R null 196 0 R null 197 0 R 198 0 R /Pg 35 0 R /P 565 0 R /Mendeley#20Recent#20Style#20Id#208_1 (http://www.zotero.org/styles/modern-language-association) /Resources << >> /S /Subscript 19 [112 0 R 271 0 R null 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 272 0 R /P 118 0 R << >> /P 17 0 R In the next section, we'll peer at the rotor assembly of a typical helicopter. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /P 667 0 R /K 117 /Pg 25 0 R endobj /P 517 0 R /Lang (DE-DE) >> 2017-05-08T21:10:34+01:00 /S /Artifact Numerous designs and variations on the three types of main rotor systems exist. /InlineShape /Figure 2 x 7.62 mm M134 Minigun machine guns (1,500 rpg = 3,000 total) 2 x 7.62 mm M134 Minigun machine guns (6,000 rpg = 12,000 total) + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets. ; Downward bending loads while stationary on the ground due to the weight of the structure, fuel . endobj >> << /K 4 73 0 R 130 0 R 73 0 R 131 0 R 73 0 R 132 0 R 73 0 R 133 0 R 73 0 R 134 0 R /Rotate 0 endobj /A 394 0 R 164 0 obj /S /Tabelle_content /S /Span hYmO6+} tBZ`yJ{VVU 5AIh}q}9D"4=i&Xdq,,6,pLX35c&LE)#1J3Q2"PDs3@1GK&'yK&Bo>|>:=. 44 0 obj endobj /K 1 /S /Normal /Pg 35 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 51 /Prev 274 0 R /Rotate 0 <> /K 134 endobj /ViewerPreferences << /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] endobj , " "" ( " ""), Composite Helicopters International Holdings Ltd, Innova Helicopters Technology Holdings Nz Limited, , PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Helicopter removable drive train platform, Auxiliary nose landing gear, support structure and rotorcraft, Rotorcraft having fuel tanks mounted in suspension under a load-bearing middle floor of the fuselage of the rotorcraft, Shrouded rotary assembly from segmented composite for aircraft and method for its manufacture, Subfloor structure with an integral hull for a rotary wing aircraft, Joints between a composite skin and a load-bearing component and methods of forming same, Unmanned helicopter body middle plate and fixing method, Unmanned helicopter upper plate and installation method thereof, Rotorcraft fuselage structure incorporating a load-bearing middle floor interposed between a cabin space and an equipment space, Aircraft with an airframe that comprises a load carrying framework, Aircraft fuselage structure having a grid-stiffened panel, Aircraft with a fuselage that comprises at least one hollow beam element, HELICOPTER ARRANGEMENT FOR OBTAINING A FAMILY OF HELICOPTERS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS, Composite thermoplastic matrix airframe structure and method of manufacture therefore. /S /Span /XObject << /K 34 244 0 obj >> >> /Pg 35 0 R -rotation about this axis is called YAW and is controlled by anti-virus pedals, -Runs from one side of the Aircraft to the other side All these load cases, and the interaction between cases must be considered to arrive at a final design. /Fm3 298 0 R /P 17 0 R /Sh5 353 0 R http://www.zotero.org/styles/modern-humanities-research-association /Pg 35 0 R 269 0 obj /S /Normal 6 0 obj /ColorSpace << endobj /P 17 0 R /Mendeley#20Citation#20Style_1 (http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard1) endobj /Fm2 297 0 R /Fm1 296 0 R /A 22 0 R >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Pg 43 0 R endobj /A 413 0 R 192 0 obj >> /Lang (EN-GB) 4 0 obj /Fm0 295 0 R As far as the other plane parts are concerned, the engine's piston is usually made out of steel whereas many other major parts are made of aluminum alloys. /K 100 /S /Tabelle_content /Pg 35 0 R << /StructParents 18 /A 582 0 R /A 564 0 R endobj 205 0 obj /Parent 14 0 R endobj A semi-monocoque structural design is usually favoured; where the sub-structure and the skins work together to absorb and transfer the loads generated during flight. /K 4 /A 511 0 R >> >> << In many models, a frameless plastic canopy surrounds the pilot and connects in the rear to a flush-riveted aluminum frame. /Pg 35 0 R /A 625 0 R /K 38 /S /P << endobj /S /Tabelle_content /S /Tabelle_content %PDF-1.3 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 3 /TT2 303 0 R /Fm4 299 0 R << /K 1 39 0 obj /K 8 /TT1 313 0 R /Count 0 /Resources <> /S /Subscript /A 471 0 R >> /A 483 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] endobj /P 438 0 R /Type /Page Engineers continually search for ways to reduce vibration and noise caused by the rotating parts of the helicopter. /S /Tabelle_content /Pg 35 0 R endobj /Font << 201 0 obj /S /Heading#201 236 0 obj 53 0 obj /S /Normal 200 0 obj Helicopters come in a variety of sizes and shapes, but most share the same major components [10- 13] (Figure 1). << >> /K 149 /S /Normal endobj << >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Author (D. Schwinn, P. Weiand, M. Schmid) /S /Subscript >> >> /GS2 309 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /S /Tabelle_content /A 480 0 R /P 17 0 R << /TT0 313 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /K 9 /S /Artifact << /K 54 /K 187 /Pg 35 0 R << << For example, rotorcraft consist of engines, rotors, drive shafts, /A 408 0 R The entire air frame, sometimes known as the body group. /StructParents 19 >> /Filter /FlateDecode /Lang (EN-GB) 62 0 obj endobj /Pg 35 0 R << endobj /Lang (EN-GB) The cyclic, or "stick," comes out of the floor of the cockpit and sits between the pilot's legs, enabling a person to tilt the craft to either side or forward and backward. Structural analysis) /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] Where is the cyclic control stick located? /Lang (EN-GB) /P 17 0 R >> /A 386 0 R /K [6 124 0 R 14 125 0 R 16 126 0 R] /A 468 0 R Changing the angle of attack of the rotating blades increases or decreases lift, respectively raising or lowering the helicopter. 137 0 obj /K 48 /P 545 0 R /Parent 5 0 R /Pg 42 0 R << /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 33 0 R 224 0 obj endobj /Pg 26 0 R /A 384 0 R /P 425 0 R /K 68 CONTROLLED FLAMBING ANTI-CRASH COMPOSITE STRUCTURE FOR AIRCRAFT. /ColorSpace << /Pg 35 0 R /S /Tabelle_content /Contents 364 0 R /Font <<