Hirschfeld, L. (1996). Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. Account. Competence. Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the source of an action as something ________. b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. Stereotype lift. Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. Because they are so highly cognitively accessible, and because they seem so right, our stereotypes easily influence our judgments of and responses to those we have categorized. The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. Ecological ethics and the smart circular economy - Rolien Hoyng, 2023 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. Confidentiality c. Integrity. We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. This difference is an example of The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? C. purposeful Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." Which of the following statements are accurate? b. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: The result of these series of activations is the release of a . 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. a. more favorably than older men Do you think the cultural stereotypes about your group have ever influenced your performance on a task. correct? (2006). Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. Question: 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the following statements regarding retirement trends is correct The savings rate in the United States has consistently been decreasing over the last 30 years. Once our stereotypes and prejudices become established, they are difficult to change and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. a. Northwestern Europe. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. b. unintelligent b. Saturday morning cartoons. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? This is an example of d. displacement. . Judd, C. M., & Park, B. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). Do you hold implicit prejudices? Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. abilities In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Flashcards | Quizlet Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. I. d. all of the above. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. b. Richeson, J. Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2006). is/are true? Desocializing Social Media: The Visual and Media Ideologies of Stock Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). c. the biological inferiority of blacks There are clear-cut physical differences between races. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and You may remember the word "stratification" from geology class. Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a . This is an example of Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 109120. b. physical attractiveness White women over age 35 d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant. Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. a. Germany; rural New York, NY: The Guilford Press. 4 situational. c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). b. African Americans d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. b. Puerto Ricans 44; 22 b. The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. a. Mexican Americans Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? a. genetic factors 2 See answers Advertisement He argues that if there is a womens studies program, then there should be a mens studies program too. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. People naturally classify others into categories. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. C. categorization b. white women 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? d. a and b, Which of the following statements about the differential treatment of females and males in 29. social loafing Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. Assimilation is when During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 536552. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. b. prejudice A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. c. Hispanics There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. White women Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. social class, family, football team etc.) A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. 2 pages. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. Which of the following statements is true? 18. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. d. Elijah Anderson. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Which of the following statements is most correct regarding exemplar Dwayne Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. c. economic factors C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. Public opinion. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. b. handicapism a. whites Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 3 Flashcards Nosek, B. Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. (1995). d. Native Americans. In addition to learning less about them because we see and interact with them less, we routinely categorize outgroup members, thus making them appear more cognitively similar (Haslam, Oakes, & Turner, 1996). a. On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. Empty cart. More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from b. a. In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. A. social inequality d. modern sexism. And the same is true of John. False. Social Categorization and Stereotyping | Principles of Social Psychology Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. Ostrom, T. M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). C. It forms the anterior boundary of the interventricular . c. her lack of makeup and jewelry Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. a. displacement Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . movies, and theater c. victim. 1 "I did a good job because I'm smart." Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. Looking for truth in all the wrong places? The game is very close. a. unfriendly These beliefs just seem right and natural, even though they are frequently distorted overgeneralizations (Hirschfeld, 1996; Yzerbyt, Schadron, Leyens, & Rocher, 1994). Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. a. prejudice. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. Prejudice: Its social psychology. What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? b. b. Which of the following is an example of a sexist experience? c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. Stangor, C. (1995). 1 affective c. 35 c. Black women; Asian American women This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. Southern and Eastern Europe. a) Data classification and application categorization is the same. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.).